Principles of Integration

 

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Technology as Curriculum| Technology as Aide| Rules of Thumb| Planning

The design of math instructional units involving technology basically comes from two branches of principles.

Technology as Curriculum

 
In some schools, depending on the state and district policies, there are some technology skills that are expected to be taught.  In other words, there is a Technology curriculum, just like there are math curriculum or science curriculum.

When the technology skills are taught as curriculum, integration is beneficial in two ways. By integrating technology skills into the math curriculum, you could be more efficient. You can teach both skills in the same lesson. So, instead of having to teach a lesson on pie graph and a lesson on spreadsheet, the students can learn these in the same lesson. The second  benefit is effectiveness. By integrating the two, technology skills are learned in context of meaningful application in math, and vice versa.

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Technology as Aide

In classrooms where technology skills are not prescribed by curriculum, teachers are not obligated to teach them systematically. However, appropriate use of technology could enhance the learning experiences of students in their math lessons. Several technologies can be used as complimentary or aiding tool for learning math concepts.

Technology can help instruction in two ways. The more common practice is to use a piece of technological equipment for application and efficiency after the students have mastered the concepts. For example, the use of calculators to speed up basic arithmetic operations are often encouraged after the students mastered the calculations by hand. A second way to utilize technology is to include it as part of the learning process. Some technologies are designed to help students to visualize and understand the concept better from the beginning.

It is important to identify which of the above two uses your curriculum resembles. A word of warning: integration does not mean time efficient. It usually takes more time for the teacher to prepare and involves more carefully planned lessons to implement an integrated lesson.

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Rules of Thumb

1. Planning, planning, planning. Use simple charts to help you organize the skills and the correspondent activities. See the Planning section for some examples of charts you can use.

2. Keep in mind the learning objectives, both math and technology, when planning for your lessons. Do not include an activity simply because it is cool or cute.

3. Think "less and not more". The point of integration is not to give the students redundant work. Instead, it provides a variety of learning venues.

4. Plan the lessons with three stages in mind:  before the computer (or any other piece of technology), during the computer, and after the computer.

5. Give all students equal opportunity to use the technologies. One of the biggest fear in the use of instructional technologies is the "digital divide". If you don't have enough computers so that all students have one. Schedule the computer time so that every students gets approximately equal amount of time to use it.

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Planning for the Lessons

These are some of the steps and tools that you can use to help you prepare for your lessons.

Fill out a Content Analysis chart for this lesson.

Fill out a Planning Grid for this lesson.

Make an activity card for your students.

How could you adapt this lesson to fit your classroom, grade level, available technology?

How could you extend this lesson?

How would you continue the learning?

What instructional techniques can you use to accommodate all learners?

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